Dr. Edward Higginbotham prepared the text and graphics for this website.
The author would like to thank the Environmental Team at Cadia, including Andrew Wannan and Jeff Burton.
Dr. Terry Kass completed a large proportion of the historical research for the archaeological reports prepared by Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. This website makes extensive use of Terry’s historical research.
Dr. Edward Higginbotham researched the background of the copper mining and smelting industry in the United Kingdom, South Australia and New South Wales.
Brian French researched the registrations of death for the Cadia Cemetery and made primary contact with relatives and descendants of those buried there. Brian French has also made available his background research on Cadia, together with his collection of historical photographs.
Mrs. Margaret Morris has made available her work on the Cadia Engine House, including her thesis, related reports and photographs.
Dr. John Symonds, Cornish Association of New South Wales, completed research of the Cornish miners at Cadia and has investigated the evidence for the connections with Kapunda in South Australia.
Dr. R. Ian Jack provided extracts from his copy of Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufacture and Mines. London. 1861.
Richard and Jan Harries kindly gave permission for an inspection of the Errowanbang Homestead and Woolshed.
The archaeological investigations at Cadia would not have been possible without the contribution of a large number of archaeologists and others. The role of each person is acknowledged in the archaeological reports included in the Bibliography.
Footnotes are kept to a minimum in this website. For precise sources, please refer to publications and reports in this bibliography.
Bailliere’s New South Wales Gazetteer 1866.
D. B. Barton. A History of Copper Mining in Cornwall and Devon. D. Bradford Barton Ltd. Truro. Second Edition. 1968.
Judy Birmingham, ‘Copper, Tin, Silver, Lead and Zinc’, in Judy Birmingham, Ian Jack and Dennis Jeans, Australian Pioneer Technology, Heinemann. 1979.
J. E. Carne. The Copper-Mining Industry and the Distribution of Copper Ores in New South Wales. Mineral Resources No. 6. Second Edition. Sydney. 1908.
Manning Clark. Select Documents in Australian History, 1850-1900. Angus and Robertson, Sydney. 1950: Vol. 1.
Cornwall County Council. Nomination of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape for inclusion on the World Heritage List. 2004.
Department of Mines, NSW. Annual Reports.
G. J. Drew and J. E. Connell. Cornish Beam Engines in South Australian Mines. Department of Mines and Energy, South Australia. Special Publication No. 9. 1993.
Daphne du Maurier. Vanishing Cornwall. The spirit and history of Cornwall. Victor Gollancz Ltd, London. 1967.
Errowanbang Parents & Citizens, Errowanbang Anniversary Celebration, Errowanbang, 1978.
George Grant-Francis. On the Smelting of Copper in South Wales. Pritchett & Taylor, Printers, London. 1881.
Edward Higginbotham. 2010. “Say it with assemblages: a simple method for comparing sites”, in Australasian Historical Archaeology, Vol 28: 43-60.
R. Ian Jack and Dennis N. Jeans. Regional Histories of New South Wales. Heritage Office and the Department of Urban Affairs and Planning. 1996.
R. Ian Jack & Aedeen Cremin. Australia’s Age of Iron. History and Archaeology. Oxford University Press, Sydney University Press. 1994.
Terry Kass. A Thematic History of the Central West, comprising the NSW Historical Regions of Lachlan and Central Tablelands. NSW Heritage Office. 2003.
Marcia Langton. “They made a solitude and called it Peace”, in Rachel Perkins and Marcia Langton (eds), 2008: 3-62.
Rachel Perkins and Marcia Langton (eds). First Australians, An Illustrated History. SBS and the Miegunyah Press, Melbourne. 2008.
Oswald Pryor. Australia’s Little Cornwall. 1962, reprinted 1989, National Trust, Moonta Branch.
B. Webster Smith. Six Centuries of Copper. UK Copper Development Association, 1955.
Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufacture and Mines. London. 1861.
Newspapers
Sydney Mail, 11 March 1865, p 8.
Sydney Morning Herald, 16 May 1868.
Unpublished reports – Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Historical and archaeological assessment of the Cadia Ridgeway Project on ‘Tunbridge Wells’, Four Mile Creek Road, Near Orange, N.S.W. Resource Strategies Pty Ltd. 1998.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Archival recording of Waringa Homestead, Cadia Hill Gold Mine, near Orange, N.S.W. Cadia Holdings Pty Limited. 2001.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Report on the archaeological excavation of Tynan’s Slaughterhouse, Old Cadia Road, Cadia, NSW. Cadia Holdings Pty Limited. 2001.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Report on the archaeological excavation of Smelter No. 1, Old Cadia Road, Cadia, NSW. Volumes 1 and 2. Cadia Holdings Pty Limited. 2001.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Report on the excavation of the Cadia Cemetery, Cadia Road, Cadia, NSW, 1997-1998. Volumes 1 to 5. Cadia Holdings Pty Limited. 2002.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Archival recording of sites in advance of the extension of mining works, Cadia Valley Operations, Cadia, NSW. Cadia Holdings Pty Limited. 2003.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Report on the archaeological excavation of Waringa Hut, near Cadia, N.S.W. Cadia Holdings Pty Limited. 2003.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Report on the archaeological excavation of part of Cadia Mining Village, near Orange, NSW. Volumes 1-3. Cadia Holdings Pty Limited. 2005.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Historical and archaeological assessment of proposed development, Little Cadia Copper Mine and neighbouring property, near Orange, NSW. Cadia Holdings Pty Limited. 2005.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Archival Report for “Te Anau” Homestead and Outbuildings, Old Cadia Road, Near Orange, NSW. Cadia Holdings Pty Limited. 2006.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Report on the archaeological excavations of the Little Cadia Copper Mine, near Orange, NSW. Cadia Holdings Pty Limited. 2006.
Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Archival report for farms and outbuildings (Te Anau and Wire Gully Farms), near Orange, NSW. Cadia Holdings Pty Ltd, April 2010.
Unpublished reports – others.
Brian. A. French. A chronology of records of Cadia, 1828 – 1999, Cadia Holdings Pty Ltd. 2000.
Brian. A. French. Extracts from the Directors Reports of the Scottish and Australian Mining Company, 1868-1909. Cadia Holdings Pty Ltd. 2000.
J. P. McCarthy and J. E. Connell. Cadia Conservation Study. For the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 1989.
Godden Mackay, Cadia Mining Project, Final Conservation Plan. Newcrest Mining Limited. 1995. Volumes 1-5.
Margaret Morris, “Cadia: a synopsis of its early history” in J. P. McCarthy and J. E. Connell. Cadia Conservation Study. For the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 1989. Appendix 1.
Margaret Morris. The Scottish Australian Mining Company Limited and the early copper mines at Cadia, NSW, 1861-1870. Thesis for BA Honours Degree in History. UWS. 1997.
Colin Pardoe Bio-Anthropology & Archaeology. Cadia East Project. Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessment. February 2009, in Resource Strategies, 2009. Cadia East Project – Environmental Assessment. Cadia Holdings Pty Ltd.
J Symonds, The Making of Cadia Mine, Smelter and Village, January 2004, in Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd. Report on the archaeological excavation of part of Cadia Mining Village, near Orange, NSW.. Cadia Holdings Pty Limited. 2005. Volume 2. Appendix 7.